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401(k) Calculator

Plan your retirement with employer-sponsored 401(k) savings

Basic Information

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401(k) Balance & Contributions

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2026 Limit: $24,500

Employer Match

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100% = dollar-for-dollar match

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Optional: Add a second tier of employer matching

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Projections

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Annual percentage increase

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Investment return rate

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Annual inflation rate

Understanding 401(k) Plans

What is a 401(k) Plan?

A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement savings plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their salary before taxes are taken out. The money grows tax-deferred until withdrawal in retirement, and many employers match a percentage of your contributions.

Named after section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, these plans are one of the most popular retirement savings vehicles in the United States, offering significant tax advantages and the potential for employer matching contributions.

2026 Contribution Limits

Employee Contributions (Under 50)

Maximum: $24,500

Employee Contributions (Age 50+)

Maximum: $31,000 (includes $6,500 catch-up contribution)

Total Contributions (Employee + Employer)

Maximum: $72,000

Employer Matching: Free Money

An employer match is when your company contributes additional money to your 401(k) based on your own contributions. This is literally free money and one of the best ways to accelerate your retirement savings.

Common Matching Formulas

  • Dollar-for-dollar (100% match): If you contribute 5% of your salary, employer adds another 5%
  • 50% match: If you contribute 6% of your salary, employer adds 3%
  • Two-tier match: 100% match on first 3% + 50% match on next 2%

Always contribute at least enough to get the full employer match - it's an immediate 50-100% return on your investment!

Tax Advantages of 401(k) Plans

401(k) contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, which means they reduce your taxable income for the year you make the contribution. Your investments grow tax-deferred, and you only pay taxes when you withdraw the money in retirement.

Tax Savings Example

If you earn $75,000 and contribute $7,500 (10%), your taxable income becomes $67,500. At a 22% tax rate, you save $1,650 in taxes that year. Over 30 years, these tax savings compound significantly.

Traditional vs. Roth 401(k)

Traditional 401(k)

  • • Pre-tax contributions
  • • Reduces current taxable income
  • • Tax-deferred growth
  • • Taxed at withdrawal
  • • Best if tax rate lower in retirement

Roth 401(k)

  • • After-tax contributions
  • • No current tax deduction
  • • Tax-free growth
  • • Tax-free withdrawals
  • • Best if tax rate higher in retirement

Vesting Schedules

Vesting refers to ownership of employer contributions. Your own contributions are always 100% vested (they're yours). However, employer contributions may be subject to a vesting schedule, meaning you gain ownership gradually over time.

Cliff Vesting

You become 100% vested after a specific period (e.g., 3 years). If you leave before, you forfeit all employer contributions.

Graded Vesting

You gradually become vested over time (e.g., 20% per year over 5 years).

Withdrawal Rules and Penalties

401(k) funds are intended for retirement, and the IRS imposes rules on when you can access them without penalties.

Early Withdrawal (Before 59½)

Generally subject to 10% penalty plus regular income tax. Some exceptions exist for disability, certain medical expenses, or first- time home purchase.

Normal Retirement (59½+)

Penalty-free withdrawals, but you'll still pay regular income tax on traditional 401(k) distributions.

Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)

Starting at age 73, you must take required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your traditional 401(k). Failure to do so results in a 50% penalty on the amount you should have withdrawn.

Key 401(k) Planning Tips

  • Start Early: The power of compound interest means starting even 5 years earlier can add hundreds of thousands to your retirement
  • Get the Full Match: Always contribute at least enough to get your full employer match
  • Increase Contributions Over Time: Increase your contribution percentage with each raise
  • Diversify Investments: Don't put all your 401(k) in company stock or any single investment
  • Consider Roth 401(k): If available, young workers may benefit from Roth contributions
  • Use Catch-Up Contributions: If you're 50+, take advantage of the extra $6,500 catch-up contribution
  • Review Annually: Rebalance your portfolio and adjust contributions as your situation changes
  • Avoid Early Withdrawals: The penalties and lost growth can significantly impact your retirement